Christian Wiman and Jacqueline Vayntrub discuss justice, prayer and action, and getting God's attention in Isaiah 58:9b-14. The text is appointed for the Eleventh Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 16, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Restorer of the Path (Eleventh Sunday after Pentecost)
Voiceover Voice:
That’s what righteousness is, right? It’s speech that is backed by action. It’s not empty words.
Helena Martin:
This is Chapter, Verse, and Season: a lectionary podcast from Yale Bible Study. Join us each week as two Yale Divinity School professors look at an upcoming text from the Revised Common Lectionary.
This episode, we have Jacqueline Vayntrub, Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible, and Christian Wiman, Professor of the Practice of Religion and Literature. They’re discussing Isaiah chapter 58:9-14, which is appointed for Track 2 of the Eleventh Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 16, for Year C.
The text is read for you by Mike Macalintal, Liturgical Minister and Chapel Communications Manager of Marquand Chapel here at Yale Divinity School.
Mike Macalintal:
Isaiah 58:9-14.
If you remove the yoke from among you,
the pointing of the finger, the speaking of evil,
if you offer your food to the hungry
and satisfy the needs of the afflicted,
then your light shall rise in the darkness
and your gloom be like the noonday.
The Lord will guide you continually
and satisfy your needs in parched places
and make your bones strong,
and you shall be like a watered garden,
like a spring of water
whose waters never fail.
Your ancient ruins shall be rebuilt;
you shall raise up the foundations of many generations;
you shall be called the repairer of the breach,
the restorer of streets to live in.
If you refrain from trampling the Sabbath,
from pursuing your own interests on my holy day;
if you call the Sabbath a delight
and the holy day of the Lord honorable;
if you honor it, not going your own ways,
serving your own interests or pursuing your own affairs;
then you shall take delight in the Lord,
and I will make you ride upon the heights of the earth;
I will feed you with the heritage of your ancestor Jacob,
for the mouth of the Lord has spoken.
Christian Wiman:
So this poem is really interesting. It’s about the self-righteousness, if I read it correctly, of a certain kind of religiosity. It makes me think of Margaret Atwood’s saying, “Be careful about praying for justice because you might actually get it.” And, I think that that’s sort of what the prophet is saying here. “Yet they seek me daily, and delight to know my ways, as a nation that did righteousness, and forsook not the ordinance of their God: they asked me the ordinances of justice; they take delight in approaching to God.” We take a lot of delight in fulfilling certain requirements. And yet, we don’t do the actual tasks of justice. Is that your reading, Jackie?
Jacqueline Vayntrub:
You know, what’s really interesting here is I think that there’s a lot of work that’s being done in this poem on what fasting is supposed to be about. Because the way in which fasting is presented in a lot of the biblical texts is that it’s like a physical, emotional response to a disaster that’s dramatized, right? It’s like you’re putting your body in a false or a synthetic state of grief in order to draw attention to you as a downtrodden, falling apart body, when that’s not actually what’s going on with you. You’re actually just sort of like a vaccine, right? In the sense that it’s simulating an immune response, or like fasting is trying to get attention of the deity for the kinds of things the deity would pay attention to: which is the decay of the body, an emergency situation, someone who is whose body is humbled and brought low, right? That God would pay attention to that in order to get the deity’s attention.
But here it’s really interesting because why do we fast? This is people fast and see. Why do we fast? But you, God, don’t see? Why humble ourselves but you do not notice? And it’s, well, because while you’re fasting, while trying to get my attention to fix an injustice, you’re not doing the same. You are not trying to fix injustices yourself. You are not being like a god.
Christian Wiman:
Yeah, it makes me think of a lot of these prophetic texts are about visionary experience and the kind of knowledge that comes out of visionary experiences. There is a poem by Richard Wilbur called “Teresa” where the last stanza she’s had her mystical experience and doesn’t know how to trust what follows. And, and she says,
“the truth came soon and plain:
visions were true which quickened her to run
God’s barefoot errands in the rocks of Spain
beneath its beating sun,
and lock the O of ecstasy within
the tempered continence of discipline.”
And so with ecstasy, those moments are proven from God, proven to be real and truthful when they lead to right action. When they’re translated into action in the world. And I see this poem as—just like you’re saying—as God saying that, that that’s precisely what’s not happening for these people.
Jacqueline Vayntrub:
You know, what’s really interesting is how I think the word righteousness becomes moralized and made, like sort of religious. When “righteousness” in the Hebrew really refers to a kind of uprightness or correct behavior. But it’s not even correct behavior. It’s behaving in a way that is faithful to what is promised, right? So, God makes promises to his people that he is supposed to uphold. And people also, depending on their position in society and their means, also have a responsibility towards people in their community, right? So it’s like these nested hierarchies.
Christian Wiman:
Hmm. I think you’re referring to verse eight: “Thy righteousness shall go before thee.” The reward is perhaps not what people are praying for. The reward is simply the glory of the Lord. You know, it’s not a practical reward. It’s the presence of God that they’re promised.
Jacqueline Vayntrub:
Exactly. I mean, presence, I think, is actually the perfect way of thinking about it because the word “glory” in Hebrew, kavod: it’s physical, it’s weightiness, it’s heaviness-weightiness, in its physical presence. So, this idea, in an earlier reading of Isaiah 6 of the throne room being filled up by the garment of God, right? God’s glory is, really, God’s full embodied presence that is the reward here, right? Because God’s embodied presence is what allows life to sustain itself. It’s where life and the creative capacity comes from.
Christian Wiman:
And to repair itself, we ended verse 12 with “shall build the old waste places. And thou shalt be called the repairer of the breach, the restorer of paths”—I’m reading the King James Version—“The repairer of the breach, the restorer of paths to dwell in.”
Jacqueline Vayntrub:
Yeah, this reminds me, I mean, I think about climate change. And I think about the prophetic call today to protect our world. Ancient ruins shall be rebuilt. In the ancient world, many ancient cities were rebuilt after having been destroyed. Babylon was plundered by the Assyrians at least three times. And every time the city seemed to rise up more splendid than before. And the idea here is that the world can return from a disaster. There is always that possibility of hope that the world can return from a disaster. But one cannot sit around and just wait for it to happen.
Christian Wiman:
Yeah, exactly. I think that’s why that Margaret Atwood quote comes to my mind. I can’t remember what the exact quote is but “be careful about praying for justice because you might actually get some.” Because I think we toss around notions of social justice and even pray for it. And a lot of churches I’ve been in, we have prayers for social justice. And if that’s not being translated into action, it’s meaningless. It’s essentially the same thing that’s going on in this poem.
Jacqueline Vayntrub:
And it’s actually the difference. I think that the prophetic discourse in really engaging with this question of is speech just words or is it efficacious in the world? What is the difference between a true prophet and a false prophet? And it’s not just, did the thing happen or not, right? Because it’s not all predictive.
We talk a lot about speaking truth to power, right? But it’s about how speech is backed by action. That’s what, that’s what straightforwardness or righteousness is, right? It’s speech that is backed by action. It’s not empty words that are just performed for some sort of personal gain or whatever.
Christian Wiman:
Yeah. I wonder what you think of—I mean, this poem presupposes God’s justice, the passage from Isaiah. And of course that’s a real question that a lot of people have is: what does God’s justice mean? And there’s a poem by Anne Carson called “God’s Justice.” I’ll read it to you:
“In the beginning there were days set aside for various tasks.
On the day He was to create justice
God got involved in making a dragonfly
and lost track of time.
It was about two inches long
and with turquoise dots all down its back like Lauren Bacall.
God watched it bend its tiny wire elbows
as it set about cleaning the transparent case of its head.
The eye globes mounted on the case
rotated this way and that
as it polished every angle.
Inside of the case
which was glassy black like the windows of a downtown bank
God could see the machinery humming
and He watched the hum
travel all the way down turquoise dots to the end of the tail
and breathe off as light.
Its black wings vibrated in and out.”
It’s a wonderful, ironic, piercing poem. It’s actually from a sequence called “The Book of Isaiah.” And so she’s re-imagining Isaiah, these contemporary poems. And in this one, God gets distracted by the beauty of the earth, by his creative capacities and he forgets to make this thing called justice. And we’re kind of screwed ever since. Or, is it that the beauty of the world is the justice? It contains the justice that we’re looking for. I think the poem has that possibility as well.
Helena Martin:
Thanks for listening. And thank you, Professors Vayntrub and Wiman, for being back with us to talk about Isaiah this week.
Remember to subscribe to this podcast wherever you’re listening, and visit our website: YaleBibleStudy.org.
Chapter, Verse, and Season is a production of the Center for Continuing Education at Yale Divinity School. It’s produced by: Creator and Managing Editor, Joel Baden; Production Manager, Kelly Morrissey; Associate Producer, Aidan Stoddart; and I’m your Host and Executive Producer, Helena Martin. Caity Stuart did the transcript for this episode, and our theme music is by Calvin Linderman.
We’ll be back with another conversation from Chapter, Verse, and Season.
Book of the Bible:
Isaiah
Subjects:
Isaiah
Guests
Text
New Revised Standard Version Bible
Copyright © 1989 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Credits
Host and Executive Producer: Helena Martin
Production Manager: Kelly Morrissey
Creator and Managing Editor: Joel Baden
Assistant Producer: Aidan Stoddart
Music: Calvin Linderman
Google Podcasts
Spotify
Apple Podcasts
StitcherMore Episodes
Peter Hawkins and Eric Reymond discuss trauma, hope, and poetic Hebrew in Lamentations 1:1-6 and 3:19-26. The text is appointed for the Seventeenth Sunday after Pentecost (Proper 22), in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Joel Baden and Abdul-Rehman Malik discuss faith, ritual performance, and divine blessing in Psalm 91:1-6, 14-16. The text is appointed for the Sixteenth Sunday after Pentecost (Proper 21), in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Justin Crisp and Abdul-Rehman Malik discuss capitalism, shrewdness, and the logic of parables in Luke 16:1-13. The text is appointed for the Fifteenth Sunday after Pentecost (Proper 20), in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
John Collins and Jennifer Herdt discuss the undoing of creation, fidelity, and false prophets in Jeremiah 4:11-12, 22-28. The text is appointed for the Fourteenth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 19, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Joel Baden and Eric Reymond discuss precarity, God as creator and destroyer, and the potter metaphor in Jeremiah 18:1-11. The text is appointed for the Thirteenth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 18, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Peter Hawkins and Eric Reymond discuss humility, reversing the status quo, speaking truth to power in Sirach 10:12-18. The text is appointed for the Twelfth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 17, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Erika Helgen and Chloë Starr discuss faith heroes through history, triumphant faith, and the role of sin in Hebrews 11:29-12:2. The text is appointed for the Tenth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 15, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Greg Sterling and Harry Attridge discuss women in early Christian communities, eschatology, and faith as a matter of the heart in Hebrews 11:1-3, 8-16. The text is appointed for the Ninth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 14, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Judith Gundry and Adam Eitel discuss possession, wealth, and covetousness in Luke 12:13-21. The text is appointed for the Eighth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 13, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Tisa Wenger and Joel Baden discuss bargaining, God and Abraham's new relationship, and the righteous of Sodom and Gamorrah in Genesis 18:20-32. The text is appointed for Track 2 on the Seventh Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 12, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Andrew McGowan and Ned Parker discuss Mary and Martha, extroversion, and authenticity in Luke 10:38-42. The text is appointed for the Sixth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 11, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Volker Leppin and Vasileios Marinis discuss poverty, God's expectations, and our responsibilities to one another in Psalm 82. The text is appointed for the Fifth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 10, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Joel Baden and Eric Reymond discuss kings, skin diseases, and prophetic power in 2 Kings 5:1-14. The text is appointed for the Fourth Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 9, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Erika Helgen and Chloë Starr discuss prophetic leadership, sudden loss, and mentorship in 2 Kings 2:1-2, 6-14. The text is appointed for the Third Sunday after Pentecost, Proper 8, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Harold Attridge and John Hare discuss gender identity, ethnic dynamics, and changes of the heart in Galatians 3:23-29. The text is appointed for Proper 7, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Peter Hawkins and Eric Reymond discuss joy, multiculturalism, and feminine language in Proverbs 8:1-4, 22-31. The text is appointed for Trinity Sunday, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Volker Leppin and Vasileios Marinis discuss signs and wonders, Hebrew Bible connections, the promise of salvation, and more in Acts 2:1-21. The text is appointed for Pentecost, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Yejide Peters Pietersen and Bill Goettler discuss love-songs, community, and connection in reference to John 17:20-26. The text is appointed for the Feast of the Ascension, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Erika Helgen and Chloë Starr discuss social justice, human failure, and heavenly hope in Revelation 21:10, 22–22:5. The text is appointed for the Sixth Sunday of Easter, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Joel Baden and Eric Reymond discuss poetic structure, creation language, and the mechanics of praise in Psalm 148. The text is appointed for the Fifth Sunday of Easter, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Andrew McGowan and Ned Parker discuss whiteness, danger, and comfort in Revelation 7:9-17. The text is appointed for the Fourth Sunday of Easter, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Harold Attridge and Gregory Sterling discuss Resurrection encounters and calls to action in Acts 9:1-20 and John 21:1-19. The text is appointed for the Third Sunday of Easter, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Mark Heim and Abdul-Rehman Malik discuss doubt, trauma, and the value of “Doubting Thomas” in John 20:19-31. The text is appointed for the Second Sunday of Easter, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Harry Attridge and John Hare discuss faith, uncertainty, and the power of emotion in John 20:1-18. The text is appointed for Easter Day, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Joel Baden and Tisa Wenger discuss the construction of stories, Christian supersessionism, and the legacy of Christian storytelling in relation to Genesis 22:1-18. The text is appointed for the Easter Vigil, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Judy Gundry and Adam Eitel discuss the innocence of Jesus, divine kingship, and more in John 18:1-19:42. The text is appointed for Good Friday, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
John Collins and Jennifer Herdt discuss enslavement imagery, Passover liberation, and models of service in Exodus 12:1-14 and John 13:1-17. The texts are appointed for Maundy Thursday, in all three years of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Andrew McGowan and Ned Parker discuss community, sacrament, and suffering in Luke 22:14-23:56. The text is appointed for the Palm Sunday, the Liturgy of the Passion, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Tisa Wenger and Joel Baden discuss divine violence, colonialism, and the notion of “wilderness” in Isaiah 43:16-21. The text is appointed for the Fifth Sunday in Lent, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Yejide Peters Pietersen and Bill Goettler discuss reconciliation, spiritual role-models, and what it means to “become the righteousness of God” with reference to 2 Corinthians 5:16-21. The text is appointed for the 4th Sunday in Lent, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Judith Gundry and Adam Eitel discuss repentance, leniency, and divine warnings in Luke 13:1-9. The text is appointed for the Third Sunday in Lent, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Joel Baden and Eric Reymond discuss inheritance, offspring, and the promises of God in Genesis 15:1-12, 17-18. The text is appointed for the Second Sunday in Lent, in Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Harold Attridge and John Hare discuss the possibility of being in relationship with God in Romans 10:8b-13. The text is appointed for the First Sunday in Lent, March 6, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Felicity Harley-McGowan and Bruce Gordon discuss the healing and transforming power of God in Luke 9:28-43. The text is appointed for Transfiguration Sunday, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Sarah Drummond and Joel Baden discuss forgiveness and the sibling dynamics at work in Genesis 45:3-11,15. The text is appointed for the Seventh Sunday after Epiphany, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Felicity Harley-McGowan and Bruce Gordon discuss Jesus’ blessings and warnings in Luke 6:17-26. The text is appointed for the Sixth Sunday after Epiphany, Sunday, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Jacqueline Vayntrub and Christian Wiman discuss the difference between verse and prose in Isaiah 6:1-13. The text is appointed for the Fifth Sunday after Epiphany, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Sarah Drummond and Joel Baden discuss reluctant prophets and God’s will in Jeremiah 1:4-10. The text is appointed for the Fourth Sunday after Epiphany, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Erika Helgen and Chloe Starr discuss the church universal and love as the basis for the exercise of spiritual gifts in 1 Corinthians 12:12-31a. The text is appointed for the Third Sunday after Epiphany, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary
Felicity Harley-McGowan and Bruce Gordon discuss recognizing God in the midst of community and the diversity of gifts in 1 Corinthians 12:1-11. The text is appointed for the Second Sunday after Epiphany, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Peter Hawkins and Eric Reymond discuss the power of God in Psalm 29. The text is appointed for the First Sunday after Epiphany, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Awet Andemicael and Adam Eitel discuss the mystery, language and lyricism in John 1:1-18. The text is appointed for the Second Sunday after Christmas, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Gregory Sterling and Harold Attridge discuss the humanity of young Jesus and the role of Mary as mother in Luke 2:41-52. The text is appointed for the First Sunday after Christmas, Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Sarah Drummond and Joel Baden discuss birth, kingship and signs of God’s redemption in Isaiah 9:2-7. The text is appointed for Christmas (Proper 1), December 24, Years A, B, and C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Felicity Harley-McGowan and Bruce Gordon discuss the Magnificat and our understanding of Mary through the ages in relation to Luke 1:46b-55. The text is appointed for the Fourth Sunday of Advent (Advent 4), Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Joel Baden and Sarah Drummond discuss hope, apathy, and why the context of prophecy matters in Zephaniah 3:14-20. The text is appointed for the Third Sunday of Advent (Advent 3), Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Peter Hawkins and Eric Reymond discuss disaster and hope, glory, and reversal in Baruch 5:1-9. The text is appointed for the Second Sunday of Advent (Advent 2), Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Joel Baden and Tisa Wenger discuss messianic prophecy, timelessness, and historic context in Jeremiah 33:14-16. The text is appointed for the First Sunday of Advent (Advent 1), Year C of the Revised Common Lectionary.
Chapter, Verse, and Season gives listeners the opportunity to overhear the kinds of conversations that take place in the halls of Yale Divinity School. Each week, professors from different theological disciplines chat about biblical texts from the Revised Common Lectionary. They bring their own interests to the table and hopefully spark new insights into the scripture appointed for each Sunday.